Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the collection of processes, techniques, and devices that enable humans to effectively communicate with computer systems, software, or automated machines. Its goal is to optimize the exchange between the user and the machine, considering both functional and ergonomic aspects. HMI is distinct from the simple user interface by its multidisciplinary approach, combining computer science, cognitive psychology, design, and ergonomics to enhance user experience, productivity, and safety.
Use cases and examples
HMI appears in numerous applications: graphical user interfaces, embedded systems (automotive, aerospace), voice assistants, touch devices, virtual or augmented reality, collaborative industrial robots, interactive medical devices, and more. For instance, a modern car dashboard integrates voice commands, touch screens, and haptic feedback for seamless and safe interaction. In healthcare, intuitive interfaces facilitate diagnosis and equipment handling.
Main software tools, libraries, frameworks
Key tools for HMI development include Qt, GTK, JavaFX, Electron, React, Vue.js for web and desktop interfaces, as well as Unity and Unreal Engine for immersive 3D environments. For speech or gesture recognition, frameworks like TensorFlow, OpenCV, and SpeechRecognition are widely used. Platforms such as Weka or Orange serve for analyzing user behavior.
Latest developments, trends, and evolutions
Recent trends involve integrating artificial intelligence for personalization and proactive user needs anticipation, the emergence of natural interfaces (voice, gesture, emotion), and development of immersive environments (augmented and virtual reality). Accessibility and inclusivity are becoming central, as is interaction security. Continuous improvement of ergonomics and efficiency is enabled through data analysis from user interactions.